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sambaサーバ構築

最終更新 2003年6月19日

わたしがはじめてlinuxをさわったきっかけが何年か前に嫁がiMacを使っていてWinとMacのファイル共有ができないかでした。このときは確かpws(パーソナルウェブサーバだっけかな・・)をWin側におったててiMacからip直打ちしてたような・・・よくおぼえていません。あっそうそうとなりのマシンに対しメール送ったこともあります。iMacにフロッピーなかったので本当にお間抜けでした。お金を出せば共有できるソフトがあったのですがなんだか悔しくて・・・・その後仲間が”つぎはlinuxがくる”という言葉になんだろうと調べたところsamba、netatalkの存在を知りlinuxにはまっていきました。いまだにたこ焼きのなかのたこくらいです・・・さて前置きが長くなりましたがいってみましょう。sambaを設定すればこのwebサイトをWinでつくりftpでおくるなんてめんどうなことをせずに直接/var/www/htmlの中を編集できます。それからとなりの嫁のマシンとも共有ディレクトリをつくっておけばファイル共有もできます。自ディレクトリにWinのバックアップもとることができます。基本方針としてLAN内のみアクセス可能とします。本当に前置きが長いのでそろそろいきましょう。設定ファイルは/etc/samba/samba.confです。赤字のところをあなたの環境に置き換えましょう。

#======================= Global Settings ========================
[global]

# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name
workgroup = paopao <=ワークグループ設定

security = user <=セキュリティモードはuser

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = samba server

# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
; hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127.
hosts allow = 192.168.0. 127. <=このipのホストのみアクセス可能

# if you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
printcap name = /etc/printcap
load printers = yes

# It should not be necessary to spell out the print system type unless
# yours is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx, cups
printing = cups

# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
# otherwise the user "nobody" is used
; guest account = pcguest

# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
max log size = 0

# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See
# security_level.txt for details.

# Use password server option only with security = server
# The argument list may include:
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
# password server = *
; password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# Password Level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for
# all combinations of upper and lower case.
; password level = 8
; username level = 8

# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
encrypt passwords = yes <=Winの暗号化パスワードを認証
smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd

# The following is needed to keep smbclient from spouting spurious errors
# when Samba is built with support for SSL.
; ssl CA certFile = /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

# The following are needed to allow password changing from Windows to
# update the Linux system password also.
# NOTE: Use these with 'encrypt passwords' and 'smb passwd file' above.
# NOTE2: You do NOT need these to allow workstations to change only
# the encrypted SMB passwords. They allow the Unix password
# to be kept in sync with the SMB password.
unix password sync = Yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *New*password* %n\n *Retype*new*password* %n\n *passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*

# You can use PAM's password change control flag for Samba. If
# enabled, then PAM will be used for password changes when requested
# by an SMB client instead of the program listed in passwd program.
# It should be possible to enable this without changing your passwd
# chat parameter for most setups.

pam password change = yes

# Unix users can map to different SMB User names
; username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m

# This parameter will control whether or not Samba should obey PAM's
# account and session management directives. The default behavior is
# to use PAM for clear text authentication only and to ignore any
# account or session management. Note that Samba always ignores PAM
# for authentication in the case of encrypt passwords = yes

obey pam restrictions = yes

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
interfaces = 192.168.0.0/24 <=LANむけのnicを指定

# Configure remote browse list synchronisation here
# request announcement to, or browse list sync from:
# a specific host or from / to a whole subnet (see below)
; remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255
# Cause this host to announce itself to local subnets here
; remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44

# Browser Control Options:
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
; local master = no

# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
; os level = 33

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
; domain master = yes

# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
; preferred master = yes

# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for
# Windows95 workstations.
; domain logons = yes

# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
; logon script = %m.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
; logon script = %U.bat

# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
# %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
# You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
; wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z

# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
; wins proxy = yes

# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,
# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
dns proxy = no

# Case Preservation can be handy - system default is _no_
# NOTE: These can be set on a per share basis
; preserve case = no
; short preserve case = no
# Default case is normally upper case for all DOS files
; default case = lower
# Be very careful with case sensitivity - it can break things!
; case sensitive = no

#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writeable = yes
valid users = %S
create mode = 0664
directory mode = 0775

[public] <=共有ディレクトリの設定
comment = public
path = /home/public
writeable = yes

[yasuwww] <=ウェブサイトを直接編集できます。
comment = web
path = /var/www/html/
public = yes
writable = yes
printable = no

それではsambaをスタートします。testparmすると設定の確認ができます

# /etc/init.d/smb start

# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[public]"
Processing section "[yasuwww]"
Loaded services file OK.
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions

ほんじゃま、接続できるユーザを作ります。まずlinux上にユーザを作ります

# useradd mam

#useradd mam <=ユーザ作成
#passwd mam <=パスワード作成
Changing password for user mama.
New password: <=パスワード入力。表示されません
Retype new password:  <=パスワード再入力

次にsambaのパスワードを設定します。上記linux上のパスワードといっしょにしておくと便利

# smbpasswd -a mam


New SMB password: <=パスワード入力。表示されません
Retype new SMB password:  <=パスワード再入力

それではWin側の操作です「マイネットワーク」=>「近くのコンピュータ」をダブルクリックするとサーバが見えていますのでそれをダブルクリックするとフォルダがあります。

以上でsambaの設定を完了!!


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